Functional neuroimaging has provided
fundamental advances in our understanding of human brain function and is
increasingly used clinically for defining atypical function and surgical
planning. For example, functional imaging with blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) contrast as a response measure is used as a clinical tool for defining atypical development, pathology, surgical planning, and evaluating
treatment outcomes.
Despite years of statistical advances in the analysis of
complete whole brain data, there has been a limited statistical advance toaddress the pronounced missingness in many functional imaging studies that uselarge discovery or small clinical case data. For example, functional magnetic
resonance imaging (fMRI) analyses do not always include the entire brain due to
image acquisition space limitations and susceptibility artifacts (a loss and
spatial distortion of signal that results from a disruption in the magnetic
field).
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