Over the last decade, improvements
in sequencing technologies coupled with active development of association
mapping methods have made it possible to link genotypes and quantitative traits
in humans. Despite substantial progress in the ability to generate and analyze large data sets, however, genotype-phenotype associations are often difficult
to find, even in studies with large numbers of individuals and genetic markers.
This is due, in part, to the fact that effects of individual loci can be small
and/or dependent on genetic variation at other loci or the environment.
Tree-based mapping, which uses the evolutionary relatedness of sampled
individuals to gain information during association mapping, has the potential
to significantly improve our ability to detect loci impacting human traits.
However, current tree-based methods are too computationally intensive and inflexible to be of practical use. Here, we compare tree-based methods with
more classical approaches for association mapping and discuss how the
limitations of these newer methods might be addressed. Ultimately, these
advances have the potential to advance our understanding of the molecular
mechanisms underlying complex diseases.
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