Comparisons of Modeling Approaches for Evaluating the Longitudinal Association in a Clustered Healthcare Intervention Study

This paper addresses methodology issues related to evidence-based healthcare research, specifically when evaluating and analyzing the hospital practice environments (HPE) impacts on the patient health outcomes are conducted in longitudinal intervention survey studies. HPE include the spatially clustered hospital characteristics, including practice environment scale (PES) measures, hospital facilities, nursing staffing and nursing attributes. The longitudinal associations between HPE and patient smoking cessation counseling (SCC) activities, and patient heart failure (HF) outcomes are examined. Various longitudinal and hierarchical modeling are compared including linear mixed models with restricted maximum likelihood estimation, generalized estimating equations with quasi-likelihood estimation, hierarchical linear regression models with nonparametric generalized least squares estimations, and repeated ANOVA.

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Verifying ‘Einstein’s Time’ by Using the Equation ‘Time=Distance/ Velocity

The statement ‘Every reference-body (co-ordinate system) has its own particular time’, which appears in Einstein’s book—‘Relativity: The Special and General Theory’, is widely accepted among physicists and even by the general public with the popular interpretation that a clock in a moving body and another clock at rest in the reference stationary body will indicate different values of time.

However, upon examining the grounds for this perspective by using the equation ‘time=distance/velocity’ and using ‘the principle of the constancy of the velocity of light’, we find that the above sentence should be arranged as ‘Every reference body (coordinate system) has its own particular measurement of the time interval for the propagation of light and, also it has its own particular measurement of the interval of the light path that must be used in order to calculate its time interval. The numerical value of the ratio of these two intervals is 1:1 always.’ This implies that the pace of ticking of all clocks is identical. This fact contradicts the above popular interpretation.

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Explicit Calculations of Tensor Product Coefficients for E7

We propose a new method to calculate coupling coefficients of E7 tensor products. Our method is based on explicit use of E7 characters in the definition of a tensor product. When applying Weyl character formula for E7 Lie algebra, one needs to make sums over 2903040 elements of E7 Weyl group. To implement such enormous sums, we show we have a way which makes their calculations possible. This will be accomplished by decomposing an E7 character into 72 participating A7 characters.

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Lateral Transshipment as an effective approach to cut costs in the multi item small business sector

Consumer behavior is unpredictable that retailers often face the challenge of meeting their demands. Those retailers that are in the close proximity with the original manufacturers would generally be able to meet their demands and could provide customer satisfaction. Retailers need to stay in constant touch with the producer for supplies and this coordination is called as lateral transshipment.  Lateral transshipment is the best approach to cut costs and plays an important role in the inventory management.  This approach is more effective in multi item small business sector.

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Notes on the Chern-Character

The aim of this note is to give an axiomatic and elementary treatment of Chern-characters of vector bundles with values in a class of cohomology-theories arising in topology and algebra. Given a theory of Chern-classes for complex vector bundles with values in singular cohomology one gets in a natural way a Chern-character from complex K-theory to singular cohomology using the projective bundle theorem and the Newton polynomials. The Chern-classes of a complex vector bundle may be defined using the notion of an Euler class and one may prove that a theory of Chern-classes with values in singular cohomology is unique. In this note it is shown one may relax the conditions on the theory for Chern-classes and still get a Chern character. Hence the Chern-character depends on some choices.

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New Square Method

The “new square method” is an improved approach based on the “least square method”. It calculates not only the constants and coefficients but also the variables’ power values in a model in the course of data regression calculations, thus bringing about a simpler and more accurate calculation for non-linear data regression processes.

In non-linear data regression calculations, the “least square method” is applied for mathematical substitutions and transformations in a model, but the regression results may not always be correct, for which we have made improvement on the method adopted and named the improved one as “new square method”.

A New Method for Analysis of Biomolecules Using the BSM-SG Atomic Models

Biomolecules and particularly proteins and DNA exhibit some mysterious features that cannot find satisfactory explanation by quantum mechanical modes of atoms. One of them, known as a Levinthal’s paradox, is the ability to preserve their complex three-dimensional structure in appropriate environments. Another one is that they possess some unknown energy mechanism.

The Basic Structures of Matter Super gravitation Unified Theory (BSM-SG) allows uncovering the real physical structures of the elementary particles and their spatial arrangement in atomic nuclei. The resulting physical models of the atoms are characterized by the same interaction energies as the quantum mechanical models, while the structure of the elementary particles influence their spatial arrangement in the nuclei. The resulting atomic models with fully identifiable parameters and angular positions of the quantum orbits permit studying the physical conditions behind the structural and bonding restrictions of the atoms connected in molecules.

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