A Bayesian Nonlinear Mixed-Effects Disease Progression Model

A nonlinear mixed-effects approach is developed for disease progression models that incorporate variation in age in a Bayesian framework. We further generalize the probability model for sensitivity to depend on age at diagnosis, time spent in the preclinical state and sojourn time. The developed models are then applied to the Johns Hopkins Lung Project data and the Health Insurance Plan for Greater New York data using Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo and are compared with the estimation method that does not consider random-effects from age. Using the developed models, we obtain not only age-specific individual-level distributions, but also population-level distributions of sensitivity, sojourn time and transition probability.

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Analytical Modeling Enables One to Explain Paradoxical Situations in Behavior and Performance of Electronic Product Materials

Merits, attributes and challenges associated with the application of analytical (mathematical) predictive modeling in electronics materials science and engineering are addressed, based mostly on the author’s research during his tenure with Basic Research, Bell Laboratories and then – with UC-Santa Cruz and Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA. 

The emphasis is on some practically important, yet paradoxical (i.e., intuitively non-obvious), materials reliability- related situations/ phenomena in electronics and optics.It is concluded that all the three basic approaches in Microelectronics and Photonics Materials Science and Engineering - analytical (mathematical) modeling, numerical modeling (simulation) and experimental investigations - are equally important in understanding the physics of the materials behavior and in designing, on this basis, viable and reliable electronic devices and products. As they say, if your only tool is a hammer, all the problems look like nails to you, do they not?

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A Class of Non-associative Algebras Including Flexible and Alternative Algebras, Operads and Deformations

There exist two types of non-associative algebras whose associator satisfies a symmetric relation associated with a 1-dimensional invariant vector space with respect to the natural action of the symmetric group Σ3. The first one corresponds to the Lie-admissible algebrasand this class has been studied in a previous paper of Remm and Goze. Here we are interested by the second one corresponding to the third power associative algebras.

Recently, we have classified for binary algebras, Cf., relations of no associativity which are invariant with respect to an action of the symmetric group on three elements Σ3 on the associator. In particular we have investigated two classes of no associativealgebras.

Parametric Resonance Applications in Neutrophil Dynamics

The profound effects of chemotherapy on the combined dynamics of the haematological stem cells and their differentiated neutrophils are examined. G-CSF is often used to deal with this neutropenia andthe response is highly variable. To shape the neutrophil response to chemotherapy and G-CSF, periodic parametric resonance is discussed. Periodic oscillation in neutrophil levels and the sub harmonic 1:2 resonance phenomena are observed with the assumption of periodic chemotherapy is given. The work is aim to stimulate further investigations and the practical applications.

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Reasons for drug resistance in ESBL enzymes

Extended- spectrum beta- lactamases are the enzymes that have resistance against antibiotics. The spread ofantimicrobial resistance by ESBL in humans is due to edible animal meat. When these enzymes were isolated from different types of meat and tested for antibiotic susceptibility, antibiotic resistance was observed. When isolated ESBL producers subjected to PCR, the major genes of ESBL such as BLA (CTX-M, OXA, PER and GES) which are going to more resistant to three generation of cephalosporin were amplified. It is crucial and very important to follow specific treatment to control drug resistance.

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A New Number Theory - Algebra Analysis

The article proposes some analytical considerations about the 3d algebra, and the possibilities of an extension in 3d of some standard 2d analytical functions. It takes also inconsideration some problems about the derivative and the integrals. thetransformations between the polar notation and the cartesian notation of the point P (and vice versa) give a 3d algebra definition as an extension of the sum and product of the 2d standard complex algebra.

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Methods for Identifying Differentially Expressed Genes: An Empirical Comparison

Microarray technology, which observes thousands of gene expressions at once, is one of the popular topics in recent decades. When it comes to the analysis of microarraydata to identify differentially expressed (DE) genes, many methods have been proposed and modified for improvement. 

However, the most popular methods such as Significance Analysis of Microarrays (SAM), samroc, fold change, and rank product are far from perfect. In order to determine which method is most powerful, it comes down to the characteristics of the sample and distribution of the gene expressions. The most practiced method is usually SAM or samroc butwhen the data tends to be skewed, the power of these methods decreases. With the concept that the median becomes a better measure of central tendency than the mean when the data is skewed, the test statistics of the SAM and fold change methods are modified in this paper. This study shows that the median modified fold change method improves the power for many cases when identifying DE genes if the data follows a lognormal distribution.

On De Broglie’s Double-particle Photon Hypothesis

Establishment of an LC equation and of a local fields equation describing permanently localized photons from the analysis of kinetic energy circulation within the energy structure of the double-particle photon that Louis de Broglie hypothesized in the early 1930's. Among other interesting features, these equations provide a mechanical explanation to the localized photon properties of self-propelling at the speed of light and of self-guiding in straight line when no external interaction tends to deflect its trajectory. This paper summarizes the seminal considerations that led to the development of the 3-spaces model.

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A Hierarchy of Symmetry Breaking in the Nonsymmetric Kaluza-Klein (Jordan-Thiry) Theory

The paper is devoted to the hierarchy of a symmetr y breaking in the Non symmetric Kaluza–Klein (Jordan–Thiry) Theory. The basic idea consists in a deformation of a vacuumstates manifold to the cartesian product of vacuum states manifolds of everystage of a symmetry breaking.In the paper we consider a pattern of a spontaneous symmetry breaking including a hierarchy in the Non symmetr ic Kaluza–Klein (Jordan–Thiry) Theory.

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Generalizing Two Structure Theorems of Lie Algebras to the Fuzzy Lie Algebras

Lie algebras were proposed by Sophus Lie and there are many applications of them in several branches of physics. The notion of fuzzy sets was introduced by Zadeh and manymathematicians have been involved in extending the concepts and results ofabstract Lie algebra to fuzzy theory. 

This paper is the continuation of the results obtained in, where we presented conditions to generalize the concepts of solvable and nilpotent radicals of Lie algebras (called of solvable and nilpotent fuzzy radicals, respectively) to a class of fuzzy Lie algebras. Inthis article we use the solvable fuzzy radical to generalize the structuretheorem of semisimple Lie algebras and the Levi’s decomposition theorem to aclass of the fuzzy Lie algebras. The results presented in this paper are still strongly connected with results proved in.

Sentiment Patterns

Even apart from the instability due to speculation, there is the instability due to the characteristic of human nature that a large proportion of our positive activities depend on spontaneous optimism rather than mathematical expectations, whether moral or hedonistic or economic. Most, probably, of our decisions to do something positive, the full consequences of which will be drawn out over many days to come, can only be taken as the result of animal spirits—a spontaneous urge to action rather than inaction, and not as the outcome of a weighted average of quantitative benefits multiplied by quantitative probabilities.

Human action is, in a great extent, predictable. Humans arerational and endowed with the ability to weigh benefits and costs in search forthe best possible expected outcome. Despite this straightforward evidence, in many circumstances involving decision-making there are evident departures relatively to the strict rational behavior. The complexity of the problems faced by individuals often compels them to adopt simple heuristics, to engage in strategic complementarities and to decide based on instincts or sentiments. 

The Traditional Ordinary Least Squares Estimator under Collinearity

In a multiple regression analysis, it is usually difficult to interpret the estimator of the individual coefficients if the explanatory variables are highly inter-correlated. Such aproblem is often referred to as the multicollinearity problem. There exist several ways to solve this problem. One such way is ridge regression. Two approaches of estimating the shrinkage ridge parameter k are proposed. 

Comparison is made with other ridge-type estimators. To investigate the performance of our proposed methods with the traditional ordinary least squares (OLS) and the other approaches for estimating the parameters of the ridge regression model, we calculate the mean squares error (MSE) using thesimulation techniques. Results of the simulation study shows that the suggested ridge regression outperforms both the OLS estimator and the other ridge-type estimators in all of the different situations evaluated in this paper.

How SI Units Hide the Equal Strength of Gravitation and Charge Fields

The use of SI units in their existing form hides that gravity is not the weakest force. The paper shows through symmetry arguments that Planck’s constant h and the Gravitational constant G are both dimensionless ratios when dimensional analysis is used at property levels deeper than mass, length and time. The resultant adjustments shown to be needed for SI unitsproduce much simpler sets of units which also solve the issue of why magneticfield H and magnetic inductance B have not previously had the same units. 

The result shows that gravitational and charge fields have the same strengths when considered in fractional adjusted-Planck values. By showing that h and G are dimensionless, they can be understood to be unit-dependent ratios which can be eliminated from all equations by merging them within new adjusted SI units. Theimplications are that mass and charge sizes, and distance, are not theproperties which separate quantum and classical gravitational systems. The equivalence of gravitational and inertial mass is also shown. The new type of dimensional analysis shows how to uncover any law of nature or universal constant and that the current set of properties of nature is missing two from the set, whose dimensions and units can be inferred.

Loops in Noncompact Groups of Hermitian Symmetric Type and Factorization

In previous work with Pittmann-Polletta, we showed that a loop in a simply connected compact Lie group has a unique Birkhoff (or triangular) factorization if and only if the loop has a unique root subgroup factorization (relative to a choice of a reduced sequence of simple reflections in the affine Weyl group). 

In this paper our main purpose is to investigate Birkhoff and root subgroup factorization for loops in a noncompact type semisimple Lie group of Hermitian symmetric type. In previous work we showedthat for a constant loop there is a unique Birkhoff factorization if and onlyif there is a root subgroup factorization. However for loops, while a root subgroup factorization implies a unique Birkhoff factorization, the converse is false. As in the compact case, root subgroup factorization is intimately related to factorization of Toeplitz determinants.

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Testing for Electro gravitational Flux Quantum Circuitry in Biological Photon

Einstein was convinced that solutions to the epistemological problems of quantum theory could be found in a grand unified field theory. Hidden variable theoryconsiders the behaviour of a system in terms of parameters that have beeninaccessible to experiment, while such variables later become manifest through applications of new experimental technologies. 

Jacobson Resonance theory may satisfy Einstein’s conclusory belief that an attempt must be made to find a purely algebraic theory for the description of reality. The hidden variablerequired to explain the disparate elements in both general relativity andquantum theory may well be the biological model. Only a biological system can amplify the weak triggers of gravitons by a factor of 1040; to reveal the effect of a single system on a coordinated multifactorial complex array of total systems, through electrophysiological changes, e.g., from nonionizing radiant energy in the PicoTesla range and even weaker, down to an attogauss.

Bayesian Estimation of the Three Key Parameters in CT for the National Lung Screening Trial Data

In this study cancer screening likelihood method was used to analyze the CT scan group in the National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) data. Three key parameters: screening sensitivity, transition probability densityfrom disease free to preclinical state, and sojourn time in the preclinical state, were estimated using Bayesian approach and Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulations. 

The sensitivity for lung cancer screening using CT scan is high; it does not depend on a patient’s age, and is slightly higher in females than in males. The transition probability from the disease-free to the preclinicalstate has a peak around age 70 for both genders, which agrees with the fact that the highest lung cancer incidence rate appears between age 65 and 74. The posterior mean sojourn time is around 1.5 years for all groups, and that explains why screening only have a short time interval to catch lung cancer. Accurate estimation of the three key parameters is critical for other estimations such as lead time and over-diagnosis, because these quantities are functions of the three key parameters.

The inverse derivative of new algorithm in physics

The Newton’s second law and the third law have proved wrong and the derivative operations have been considered as his mistake. Hence, a new derivative computation method has been chosen, known as ‘inverse derivative Algorithm’ and it replaced the previous laws of motion in physics and mechanical engineering.

Clearly, in the Inverse Derivative operations, is when incremental Δy0 approaches zero, for Δy0/Δx0 seek limit. Therefore, the Inverse Derivative [f-1(y0)]+ to indicate is with Inverse Differential qy0 for the units to calculated. Here it with the derivative calculate, been haveessentially different. For example, when by the Inverse Derivative representedspeed, it is with move distance for unit. That is within the distance of units, through experienced time its different, and represent the speeds is different. This is with the derivative to record or described speed, is had significantly different. And it versus the thing the rule of physics, and even there will be different interpretations. So this is very important.

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Cancer risks of the advanced therapeutic devices

The highly dimensional genomics, genetics and proteomics techniques have been successfully used for cancer research for the last twenty years.

Various genomic and proteomic initials have been discovered while diagnosing the cancer. These non-intrusive medical technologies arecreating public health risks. Although imaging techniques are essential for therapy, ‘radioactive rays from the highly advanced medical images used to treat tumours have many side effects.

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Lie Group Method for Studying the Heat Generation Effect

Thermophoresis is a phenomenon which causes small particles to be driven away from a hot surface and towards a cold one. Small particles, such as dust, when suspended in a gas with a temperature gradient, experience a force in the direction opposite to the temperature gradient.

The velocity acquired by the particles is called the thermophoretic velocity and the force experienced by the suspended particles due to the temperature gradient is known as the thermophoretic force. Themagnitudes of the thermophoretic force and velocity are proportional to thetemperature gradient, thermal conductivity of aerosol particles and the carrier gas, thermophoretic coefficient and the heat capacity of the gas. This phenomenon has many practical applications in removing small particles from gas streams, in determining exhaust gas particle trajectories from combustion devices, prevention of fouling and corrosion in heat exchangers and turbines, semiconductor manufacture and ceramic powder production.

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